{"id":2196,"date":"2025-01-15T16:08:34","date_gmt":"2025-01-15T21:08:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cdci.w3.uvm.edu\/blog\/?page_id=2196"},"modified":"2025-01-15T16:09:08","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T21:09:08","slug":"seeing-is-disliking-evidence-of-bias-against-individuals-with-autism-spectrum-disorder-in-traditional-job-interviews","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/cdci.w3.uvm.edu\/blog\/research\/research-summaries\/seeing-is-disliking-evidence-of-bias-against-individuals-with-autism-spectrum-disorder-in-traditional-job-interviews\/","title":{"rendered":"&#8220;Seeing is Disliking: Evidence of Bias Against Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Traditional Job Interviews&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"featured-cta-block d-flex uvm-block wp-full-width bg-gray\" id=\"CTA\">\n  <div class=\"container-fluid\">\n    <div class=\"row overview-columns align-items-center\">\n      <div class=\"col-12 col-md-6 details\">\n        <p class=\"overline\">Recommended Research Summary, June 2023<\/p>        <h2 class=\"h3\">Are traditional job interviews biased against people with autism?<\/h2>        <p>This is a plain-language summary of Whelpley, C. E., &amp; May, C. P. (2022). Seeing is Disliking: Evidence of Bias Against Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Traditional Job Interviews.\u00a0<em>Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders<\/em>, 53, 1363\u20131374. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-022-05432-2\">10.1007\/s10803-022-05432-2<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n                <ul class=\"buttons-list\">\n                      <li><a href=\"https:\/\/cdci.w3.uvm.edu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Evidence-of-Bias-in-Job-Interviews-Eden-Summerlin.pdf\" target=\"\" class=\"btn btn-primary\">Download a .pdf of this research summary<\/a><\/li>\n                      <li><a href=\"https:\/\/cdci.w3.uvm.edu\/blog\/cdciresources\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2023\/09\/Bias-Against-Autistic-People-in-Job-Interviews-Eden-Summerlin.mp3\" target=\"\" class=\"btn btn-primary\">Listen to an audio version of this summary (.mp3)<\/a><\/li>\n                  <\/ul>\n              <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"col-12 col-md-6 media\">\n        <figure>\n          <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"750\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/cdci.w3.uvm.edu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/whelpley-webframe.001-750x500.png\" class=\"attachment-three-two-md size-three-two-md\" alt=\"thumbnail of Whelpley recommended research summary\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdci.w3.uvm.edu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/whelpley-webframe.001-750x500.png 750w, https:\/\/cdci.w3.uvm.edu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/whelpley-webframe.001-1500x1000.png 1500w, https:\/\/cdci.w3.uvm.edu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/whelpley-webframe.001-120x80.png 120w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/>        <\/figure>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What was this study about?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Autistic and neurotypical individuals were taped taking part in mock job interviews. Candidates were rated on a variety of dimensions by people who either watched the interview videos or<br>read the interview transcripts. These people did not know whether the interviewees were autistic or neurotypical. But the people who watched the interview videos rated neurotypical interviewees higher than autistic people.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But when the people giving the ratings only read transcripts of what the autistic individuals said &#8212; no video or audio &#8212; they rated autistic people higher than neurotypical people.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This study suggest that the way a candidate looks, sounds, and their social mannerisms significantly influences whether they get hired after a traditional job interview.<\/p>\n\n\n<section id=\"accordion-block_4d8c2e113cc49bf7698af61f5fd47076\" class=\"accordion-block\">\n\n  <div class=\"card\">\n    <div class=\"card-header\" id=\"heading1\">\n      <a class=\"collapsed d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#accordion-block_4d8c2e113cc49bf7698af61f5fd470761\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-block_4d8c2e113cc49bf7698af61f5fd470761\" href=\"#\">\n        <h3>What did the researchers do?<\/h3>\n        <i class=\"fa-plus fa-regular fa-sharp\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n      <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-block_4d8c2e113cc49bf7698af61f5fd470761\" class=\"collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"heading1\">\n      <div class=\"card-body\">\n        <p>Research in the past has shown that strangers make quick negative judgements about autistic people. The authors of this study wondered if those judgements would affect the job interview process, making it less likely for autistic people to be hired and employed. To find out, they created pretend job interviews, with pretend applicants (called \u201ccandidates\u201d) and pretend employers (called \u201craters\u201d). Even though everything was pretend, it still showed what might happen during real job interviews.<\/p>\n<p>30 college students volunteered for pretend job interviews. 15 of the students were autistic and 15 were neurotypical. They all gave five-minute speeches, acting like they were applying for their dream job. Their presentations were recorded on video. Afterwards, the authors of the study created transcripts of what each person said in their speech.<\/p>\n<p>The authors asked other college students to be the raters. 151 raters watched video interviews, and 158 raters read transcripts of interviews. They were not told about whether the candidates were autistic. The raters were asked to rate:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>likability<\/li>\n<li>trustworthiness<\/li>\n<li>straightforwardness<\/li>\n<li>job qualifications<\/li>\n<li>attractiveness<\/li>\n<li>awkwardness<\/li>\n<li>confidence<\/li>\n<li>enthusiasm, and<\/li>\n<li>\u201ccaptivation\u201d \u2013 how captivating they found a\u00a0candidate.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>They were also asked if they would hire the candidate for a job.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"card\">\n    <div class=\"card-header\" id=\"heading2\">\n      <a class=\"collapsed d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#accordion-block_4d8c2e113cc49bf7698af61f5fd470762\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-block_4d8c2e113cc49bf7698af61f5fd470762\" href=\"#\">\n        <h3>What did the researchers learn?<\/h3>\n        <i class=\"fa-plus fa-regular fa-sharp\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n      <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-block_4d8c2e113cc49bf7698af61f5fd470762\" class=\"collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"heading2\">\n      <div class=\"card-body\">\n        <p>In the videos of the mock job interviews, every candidate\u2019s face, voice, and body language could be seen.<\/p>\n<p>When raters watched the video interviews, they preferred neurotypical people and were more likely to \u201chire\u201d them compared to autistic people. They thought of autistic people as less trustworthy, less likable, less straightforward, equally qualified, less attractive, far more awkward, less confident, less enthusiastic, and far less captivating than the neurotypical people.<\/p>\n<p>In the transcripts, the only things that could be seen were the words each candidate said. When raters only read the transcripts, they preferred autistic people and were more likely to \u201chire\u201d them instead of neurotypical people. Autistic people were thought of as slightly more trustworthy, slightly more likable, more straightforward, more qualified, more attractive, equally awkward, slightly more confident, more enthusiastic, and more captivating than the neurotypical people.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"card\">\n    <div class=\"card-header\" id=\"heading3\">\n      <a class=\"collapsed d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#accordion-block_4d8c2e113cc49bf7698af61f5fd470763\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-block_4d8c2e113cc49bf7698af61f5fd470763\" href=\"#\">\n        <h3>What does this mean for real life?<\/h3>\n        <i class=\"fa-plus fa-regular fa-sharp\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n      <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-block_4d8c2e113cc49bf7698af61f5fd470763\" class=\"collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"heading3\">\n      <div class=\"card-body\">\n        <div class=\"field-accordion-content\">\n<div class=\"field-info-band-description\">\n<p>Most employers ask people to complete interviews when applying for a job. Those interviews are often in-person, and otherwise they usually happen over the phone or using a video call. In all of those circumstances, autistic people face bias against the way they look and sound. Their talents are often ignored just because of how they are perceived socially.<\/p>\n<p>This has a big negative impact on autistic people\u2019s ability to find and keep a job, even when they are very qualified for one.<\/p>\n<p>Autistic people have the highest unemployment rate of any disability group, and job discrimination leading to unemployment is one reason for the high rate of homelessness and poverty among autistic people. Autistic people are not the only ones who are hurt by this. Employers are missing out on the opportunity to hire skilled workers, because their bias gets in the way of their ability to see an autistic person\u2019s true fit for the job. In order to avoid this problem, employers need to be educated about autism.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"field-accordion-content\"><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"card\">\n    <div class=\"card-header\" id=\"heading4\">\n      <a class=\"collapsed d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#accordion-block_4d8c2e113cc49bf7698af61f5fd470764\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-block_4d8c2e113cc49bf7698af61f5fd470764\" href=\"#\">\n        <h3>What are the limitations of this study?<\/h3>\n        <i class=\"fa-plus fa-regular fa-sharp\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n      <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div id=\"accordion-block_4d8c2e113cc49bf7698af61f5fd470764\" class=\"collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"heading4\">\n      <div class=\"card-body\">\n        <p>The authors said that the problem is likely worse than this study shows. In this study, people were told to pretend they were applying for their dream job. They also did not have a conversation. In a real job interview, people need to have a conversation about a job that is different from their exact dream. Autistic people probably face even more bias under those real-world circumstances, than they did in this experiment.<\/p>\n<p>Also, the raters were college students, not actual employers.<\/p>\n<p>The authors said that college students in this age group are probably more understanding of autism than older generations, because they have all likely had autistic classmates in school. On the other hand, college students probably have not been taught about fair hiring practices, and they probably have not had training about neurodiversity in the workplace (which some employers do have).<\/p>\n<p>The authors also said that none of the autistic participants had an intellectual disability, and that other things like gender and ethnicity were not part of the analysis. It is possible that autistic people with intellectual disabilities could face even more bias than the people in this study. It is also possible that bias about gender and ethnicity could make bias even worse.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"info-highlights-block d-flex uvm-block wp-full-width bg-gray\" id=\"Highlights\">\n  <div class=\"container-fluid\">\n    <div class=\"row overview-row\">\n      <div class=\"col-12 col-lg-10 details\">\n                <h2>Why is this research important?<\/h2>        <p>Disability stigma can cause people to lose out on jobs they really want for no good reason. It can also stop people with disabilities from getting and keeping a job they want. Studying how disability stigma works &#8212; and proving that it exists &#8212; is important to stopping it.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"info-highlights-grid row\">\n            <div class=\"info-highlight col-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4\">\n        <span class=\"highlight-icon\"><i class=\"fa-sharp fa-regular fa-circle-info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span>\n        <h3>Summary Author<\/h3>        <ul>\n<li><strong>Eden Summerlin<\/strong>, UVM Autism Collaborative member &amp; CDCI Summer 2023 Intern<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n      <\/div>\n            <div class=\"info-highlight col-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4\">\n        <span class=\"highlight-icon\"><i class=\"fa-sharp fa-solid fa-headphones\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span>\n        <h3>Audio Summary<\/h3>        <ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cdci.w3.uvm.edu\/blog\/cdciresources\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2023\/09\/Bias-Against-Autistic-People-in-Job-Interviews-Eden-Summerlin.mp3\">Download an audio version of the summary (.mp3)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n      <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What was this study about? Autistic and neurotypical individuals were taped taking part in mock job interviews. Candidates were rated on a variety of dimensions by people who either watched &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":218,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2196","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>&quot;Seeing is Disliking: Evidence of Bias Against Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Traditional Job Interviews&quot; - UVM Center on Disability &amp; Community Inclusion (CDCI)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cdci.w3.uvm.edu\/blog\/research\/research-summaries\/seeing-is-disliking-evidence-of-bias-against-individuals-with-autism-spectrum-disorder-in-traditional-job-interviews\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"&quot;Seeing is Disliking: Evidence of Bias Against Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Traditional Job Interviews&quot; - UVM Center on Disability &amp; Community Inclusion (CDCI)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What was this study about? 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